Manifestation of symptoms suggestive of anxiety and depression during the covid-19 pandemy and associations with the practice of physical activities and socio-demographic factors in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Manifestação de sintomas sugestivos de ansiedade e depressão durante a pandemia de covid-19 e associações com a prática de atividades físicas e fatores sociodemográficos no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Manifestación de síntomas que sugeren ansiedad y depresión durante la pandemia covid-19 y asociaciones con la práctica de actividades físicas y factores socio demográficos en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de fatores sociodemográficos e da prática de atividade física com sintomas sugestivos de ansiedade e depressão em adultos durante a pandemia de Covid-19 no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal, com 1.019 participantes adultos residentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, realizado através de uma amostragem bola de neve. Resultados: sintomas de ansiedade estavam associados ao sexo feminino, em adultas jovens, com o ato de limpar/arrumar a residência e à inatividade física. Os sintomas de depressão associaram-se ao sexo feminino, à divisão da casa com outras pessoas que não eram familiares, grau de escolaridade, renda e à inatividade física. Conclusão: fatores sociodemográficos e a inatividade física estão associados com os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão durante a pandemia da COVID-19 (AU).

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of sociodemographic factors and the practice of physical activity with symptoms suggestive of anxiety and depression in adults during the Covid-19 pandemic, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study with 1,019 adult participants residing in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil carried out through a snowball sampling technique. Results: Anxiety symptoms were associated with being female, being young adults, cleaning/tidying the house, and physical inactivity. Depression symptoms were associated with female gender, sharing the house with other people who were not family members, level of education, income and physical inactivity. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors and physical inactivity are associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic (AU).

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, durante la pandemia COVID-19, con la práctica de actividades físicas y factores sociodemográficos. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal con 1.019 participantes adultos residentes en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, realizado a través de un muestreo de bola de nieve. Resultados: Síntomas de ansiedad asociados con mujeres, adultos jóvenes, con el acto de limpiar / ordenar la casa e inactividad física. Los síntomas depresivos se asociaron con el género femenino, compartir la casa con otras personas que no eran familiares, nivel de educación, ingresos e inactividad física. Conclusión: Los factores sociodemográficos y la inactividad física se asocian con síntomas de ansiedad y depresión durante una pandemia de COVID-19 (AU).

Leveraging human resources for outbreak analysis: lessons from an international collaboration to support the sub-Saharan African COVID-19 response.

Emerging infectious diseases are a growing threat in sub-Saharan African countries, but the human and technical capacity to quickly respond to outbreaks remains limited. Here, we describe the experience and lessons learned from a joint project with the WHO Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO) to support the sub-Saharan African COVID-19 response.In June 2020, WHO AFRO contracted a number of consultants to reinforce the COVID-19 response in member states by providing actionable epidemiological analysis. Given the urgency of the situation and the magnitude of work required, we recruited a worldwide network of field experts, academics and students in the areas of public health, data science and social science to support the effort. Most analyses were performed on a merged line list of COVID-19 cases using a reverse engineering model (line listing built using data extracted from national situation reports shared by countries with the Regional Office for Africa as per the IHR (2005) obligations). The data analysis platform The Renku Project ( https://renkulab.io ) provided secure data storage and permitted collaborative coding.Over a period of 6 months, 63 contributors from 32 nations (including 17 African countries) participated in the project. A total of 45 in-depth country-specific epidemiological reports and data quality reports were prepared for 28 countries. Spatial transmission and mortality risk indices were developed for 23 countries. Text and video-based training modules were developed to integrate and mentor new members. The team also began to develop EpiGraph Hub, a web application that automates the generation of reports similar to those we created, and includes more advanced data analyses features (e.g. mathematical models, geospatial analyses) to deliver real-time, actionable results to decision-makers.Within a short period, we implemented a global collaborative approach to health data management and analyses to advance national responses to health emergencies and outbreaks. The interdisciplinary team, the hands-on training and mentoring, and the participation of local researchers were key to the success of this initiative.

Risk of hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 in people with obesity: An analysis of data from a Brazilian state.

The aim of this article is to assess the odds ratio of hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 in people with obesity using data from residents of Espírito Santo, Brazil. An observational, quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out from the database available on the official channel of the State Health Secretariat of Espírito Santo. Crude odds ratio estimates (ORs) referring to the association between variables were calculated, as well as adjusted odds ratios (adjusted odds ratios-OR adj.) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%). The results indicate that men, non-white, no education or with lower education level and age over 40 years old were more likely to be hospitalized and died of COVID-19. People with obesity are at risk of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 54% and 113% higher than people who do not have obesity. People with obesity had a higher chance of hospitalization when they were over 40 years old, had breathing difficulty, and the comorbidities diabetes (2.18 higher) and kidney disease (4.10 higher). The odds ratio of death for people with obesity over 60 years old was 12.51 higher, and those who were hospitalized was 17.9 higher compared to those who were not hospitalized.

An in-depth statistical analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic's initial spread in the WHO African region.

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, sub-Saharan African countries experienced comparatively lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections and related deaths than in other parts of the world, the reasons for which remain unclear. Yet, there was also considerable variation between countries. Here, we explored potential drivers of this variation among 46 of the 47 WHO African region Member States in a cross-sectional study. We described five indicators of early COVID-19 spread and severity for each country as of 29 November 2020: delay in detection of the first case, length of the early epidemic growth period, cumulative and peak attack rates and crude case fatality ratio (CFR). We tested the influence of 13 pre-pandemic and pandemic response predictor variables on the country-level variation in the spread and severity indicators using multivariate statistics and regression analysis. We found that wealthier African countries, with larger tourism industries and older populations, had higher peak (p<0.001) and cumulative (p<0.001) attack rates, and lower CFRs (p=0.021). More urbanised countries also had higher attack rates (p<0.001 for both indicators). Countries applying more stringent early control policies experienced greater delay in detection of the first case (p<0.001), but the initial propagation of the virus was slower in relatively wealthy, touristic African countries (p=0.023). Careful and early implementation of strict government policies were likely pivotal to delaying the initial phase of the pandemic, but did not have much impact on other indicators of spread and severity. An over-reliance on disruptive containment measures in more resource-limited contexts is neither effective nor sustainable. We thus urge decision-makers to prioritise the reduction of resource-based health disparities, and surveillance and response capacities in particular, to ensure global resilience against future threats to public health and economic stability.

Fatores associados à prática de atividades físicas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

A relação entre os determinantes sociais e a prática de atividade física em um período de distanciamento social ainda é desconhecida. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os fatores associados à prática de atividade física durante o distanciamento social induzido pela pandemia da COVID-19. Foi realizado um estudo observacional do tipo transversal com indivíduos maiores de 18 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada de 28 de abril a 11 de maio de 2020 por meio de um questionário eletrônico online. Participaram da pesquisa 1.138 indivíduos residentes do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A maior parte dos indivíduos eram do sexo feminino (63,1%), brancos (61,9%) e estavam na faixa etária de 18 a 39 anos (60,5%). A prática de atividades físicas foi relatada por 66,1% dos entrevistados. Foram analisadas, via modelos de regressão logístico e logístico ordinal variáveis sociodemográficas, participação em atividades físicas e a frequência desta prática. As variáveis associadas com a maior chance de praticar atividades físicas durante o distanciamento foram o sexo masculino, idade acima de 40 anos, maior escolaridade, não ser profissional de serviço essencial e não ter filhos. As chances de praticar atividades físicas com maior frequência também esteve associada ao sexo masculino, a idade acima de 40 anos, não ser profissional de serviço essencial e não ter filhos. Conclui-se que a prática de atividades físicas durante o período de distanciamento social está associada aos determinantes sociais. Assim, recomendamos que políticas de promoção de atividades físicas tenham um olhar prioritário para os grupos de maior vulnerabilidade The relationship between social determinants and the practice of physical activity in a period of social distance is still unknown. The present study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the practice of physical activ-ity during the social distance induced by the pandemic of COVID-19. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals over 18 years of age. Data collection was carried out from April 28 to May 11, 2020 through an online electronic questionnaire. Participated in the research 1,138 individuals residing of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Most individuals were female (63.1%), white (61.9%) and were aged between 18 and 39 years (60.5%). The practice of physical activities was reported by 66.1% of respondents. Sociodemo-graphic variables, participation in physical activities and the frequency of this practice were analyzed using logistic regression and ordinal logistic models. Individuals who had a higher chance of practicing physical activity during the pandemic were greater chance of practicing physical activities during the distance were male, aged over 40 years, who had higher education, not being an essential service professional and not having children. The chances of practicing physical activities more frequently were also associated with men, being over 40 years old, not being an essential service professional and not having children. It is concluded that the practice of physical activities during the period of social distance is associated with social determinants. Therefore, we recommend that policies to promote physical activities prioritize the most vulnerable groups